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Foreshortening is the result of what?

  1. Incorrect film development

  2. Improper patient positioning

  3. Too much vertical angulation

  4. Insufficient exposure time

The correct answer is: Too much vertical angulation

Foreshortening refers to the distortion of an image caused by improper radiation beam angulation. This can occur when the vertical angle is too steep, resulting in a foreshortened appearance of the object in the image. Incorrect film development (option A) and insufficient exposure time (option D) would not result in foreshortening. Improper patient positioning (option B) would result in elongation of the image, not foreshortening.