Radiology Practice Test

What distinguishes sterilization from disinfection in radiology practice?

1. Sterilization destroys most pathogens

2. Disinfection is used on inanimate objects

3. Both are interchangeable terms

4. Sterilization destroys all life forms

The correct answer is: Sterilization destroys all life forms

In radiology practice, the key distinction between sterilization and disinfection lies in their definitions and the effectiveness of each process. Sterilization is specifically aimed at the complete elimination of all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi from a surface or object. This makes it the most rigorous method of decontamination, suitable for tools and equipment that must be free from any infectious agents to prevent cross-contamination during medical procedures. In contrast, disinfection involves the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects or surfaces but does not necessarily eliminate all microorganisms, especially resistant spores. Disinfection is often used for equipment or surfaces that may come into contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes but do not require the absolute sterility that items like surgical instruments do. The clarification that sterilization destroys all life forms emphasizes its critical role in preventing infection risks in clinical settings, while disinfection is a more practical approach for managing everyday cleanliness.